- 目錄
第1篇 莫迪清華大學(xué)英文演講稿
i particularly like the old chinese saying--if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if you think in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhan pradhanam.
the wealth that increases by giving. that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of all possessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
中國有句古話說得非常好：“一年之計，莫如樹谷;十年之計，莫如樹木;終身之計，莫如樹人。”在印度也有同樣的說法，“財富的增長源于給予，財富就是知識，高于一切身外之物?！敝R這種財富是隨著你的給予而越來越多的，當(dāng)所有人都擁有時就達(dá)到了極致。這是我們兩國之間永恒智慧統(tǒng)一的實例。
i began my journey in china in _i'an. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk _uanzang.he travelled to india from _i'an in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to _i'an as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i's visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far from vadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims from china.the world's first large-scale educational e_change programme took place between india and china during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monks returning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai's rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india's famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves to three brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters in the 19th century.and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskrit language is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.it is a picture of respect for each other's civilisation and of shared prosperity.it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treated soldiers in china during the second world war.
我來到中國的首站是西安，這是因為我要追隨中國古代僧人玄奘的足跡。公元七世紀(jì)，為了尋求知識，他從西安出發(fā)前往印度，并作為印度的友人和年代史編者返回到西安。
去年九月份，主席從艾哈邁達(dá)巴德開始對印度進(jìn)行訪問。那里離我的出生地瓦德納加爾并不遙遠(yuǎn)，但更重要的原因是這里曾招待過玄奘和多位中國僧人。
中印兩國首次大規(guī)模的教育交流項目始于唐朝。據(jù)記載，共有大約80名印度僧人來到中國，有將近150名中國僧人在印度結(jié)束學(xué)業(yè)后返回。當(dāng)然了，這些都發(fā)生在10和11世紀(jì)。
孟買崛起成為一個港口和一個造船中心，就和中國的棉花貿(mào)易分不開。喜愛絲綢和紡織品的人都知道，印度著名的沙麗服來自于古吉拉特邦的三兄弟，這三人是在19世紀(jì)時期從中國大師那里學(xué)到了編織藝術(shù)。在古代貿(mào)易中，絲綢在經(jīng)典梵語中被稱為支那帕塔(cinapatta)。
所以，我們兩國間的悠久歷史源自靈性、學(xué)習(xí)、藝術(shù)和貿(mào)易等方面。這是兩國互相尊重彼此的文化以及共享繁榮的美好畫卷。這反映在柯棣華醫(yī)生所表現(xiàn)出的價值觀上，這位來自印度的醫(yī)生曾在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在中國救治士兵。
in many ways, our two countries reflect the same aspirations, similar challenges and the same opportunities.
we can be inspired by each other's successes.
and, in the global uncertainties of our times, we can reinforce each other's progress.
perhaps, no other economy in the world offers such opportunities for the future as india's. and, few partnerships are as filled with promise as ours.
在很多方面，我們兩國都反映出相同的愿景，擁有相似的挑戰(zhàn)和相同的機(jī)遇。彼此的成功能夠給對方以啟發(fā)。在當(dāng)前國際形勢不確定時期，我們可以支持彼此的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。也許，沒有哪個國家能像印度這樣提供如此的機(jī)遇。也很少有合作伙伴能像我們這樣充滿誠信。
today, we speak of asia's resurgence. it is the result of the rise of many powers in the region at the same time.
it is an asia of great promise, but also many uncertainties.
asia's re-emergence is leading to a multi-polar world that we both welcome.
but, it is also an unpredictable and comple_ environment of shifting equations.
we can be more certain of a peaceful and stable future for asia if india and china cooperate closely.
如今，我們常說亞洲的復(fù)興。這源自該區(qū)域內(nèi)多支力量的同時崛起。亞洲的前景光明，同時也充滿著許多不確定因素。亞洲的復(fù)興將形成一個多極化的世界，這也是我們都樂于見到的。但是，這同時也是一個不可預(yù)知的復(fù)雜環(huán)境。
我們確信，如果中印兩國更加緊密地合作，亞洲就會擁有和平、穩(wěn)定的未來。
a resurgent asia is seeking a bigger voice in global affairs. india and china seek a greater role in the world. it may be reforms in the united nations security council or the new asian infrastructure investment bank.
but, asia's voice will be stronger and our nation's role more influential, if india and china speak in one voice - for all of us and for each other.
simply put, the prospects of the 21st century becoming the asian century will depend in large measure on what india and china achieve individually and what we do together.
the rising fortunes of 2.5 billion pairs of joined hands will be of the greatest consequence for our region and the humanity.
this is the vision that i share with president _i and premier li.
this is the impulse that is driving our relationship.
復(fù)興的亞洲正在爭取更多地參與國際事務(wù)。中印兩國也希望在全球扮演更重要的角色。這可能是改革聯(lián)合國安理會或是全新的亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行。但是如果中印兩國的意見統(tǒng)一，彼此互惠互利，那么亞洲的聲音就會更加強(qiáng)大，我們的國家就會擁有更強(qiáng)的影響力。
簡單來說，21世紀(jì)將成為亞洲的世紀(jì)，這一前景在很大程度上取決于中印兩國各自的收獲以及合作的事項。25億雙手合力創(chuàng)造的財富對于整個亞洲和人民都將是最偉大的成果。這是我與主席和李總理的共同愿景，也是我們合作的動力。
about 33% of the world's population is either indian or chinese. yet, our people know very little of each other. we must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown in search of knowledge, and enriched us both.
so, we have decided to e_tend electronic tourist visas to chinese nationals. we are celebrating the “year of india” in china in 2022.
we are launching the ‘provincial and state leaders forum’ today. later today, we will have the yoga-taichi event. it will represent the coming together of our two civilizations.
we are starting the gandhi and india study centre in fudan university and a college of yoga in kunming.
全球大約33%的人口是印度人或是中國人。然而兩國間的人民卻不甚了解彼此。我們需要從古代僧人互訪中吸取靈感，敢于為了尋求知識，突破未知界限，從而互惠彼此。
因此，我們決定向中國公民開放電子游客簽證。我們即將慶祝2022年中印交流年。今天，我們就將啟動省級和州級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人論壇。今天晚些時候，我們還將舉辦瑜伽-太極活動。此次活動代表兩國文明的相互交融。我們將在復(fù)旦大學(xué)開辦甘地及印度研究中心，并在昆明成立瑜伽學(xué)院。
president _i has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of china and india and the new type of relationship between major countries.
not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.
we are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.
india and china are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.
we each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.
but, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our future brighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.
主席已經(jīng)生動地闡釋了中印兩國的互通夢，以及和主要大國間的新型合作關(guān)系。不僅我們的夢想是互通的，兩國的未來也是深深的相互依存的。此刻，正是我們有機(jī)會做出選擇的時候。
印度和中國是兩個值得驕傲的文明大國，兩國必將圓滿完成既定的目標(biāo)。我們都有能力并且愿意選擇自己的道路獲取成功。但是，古代智慧結(jié)晶告訴我們，只有我們攜手共進(jìn)，堅持互信，步調(diào)統(tǒng)一，才能使我們發(fā)展的道路更加順利，我們的未來也會更加光明!
第2篇 諾貝爾獎得主莫迪亞諾演講稿中文翻譯
諾貝爾獎得主莫迪亞諾演講稿中文翻譯
我非常高興能來到這里，也非常榮幸能獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。
這是我第一次不得不在這么多人面前發(fā)表演說，我多少覺得有得誠惶誠恐。人們覺得這類事情對于寫作的人來說是輕而易舉且順其自然，可是對于一個作家——至少是小說家而言——演講常常并不是那么容易的事。這就像學(xué)校課堂里區(qū)別書面和口頭作業(yè)的差別，小說家更有寫的才華，而不是說的本領(lǐng)。他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了保持安靜，他演講起來會吞吞吐吐，因為他早已習(xí)慣把自己的話刪掉。在幾遍的修改之后，他的表達(dá)可能變得明朗。但真的發(fā)言時，要修正那笨拙的語句就手足無措了。
這就是為什么我們中的一些人在演講時一會兒躊躇遲疑，一會兒流利飛快好像我們等著隨時被打斷。這也是為什么我和許多人一樣產(chǎn)生了寫作的欲望，在童年結(jié)束的時候。你希望大人們會讀你寫的東西。也就是以那種方式，他們才會靜下來聽你說，也不會來打斷你。同時，他們才會真的了解你的心聲。
得知獲獎的時候我覺得這很如夢如幻，我迫切地想知道為什么你們選擇了我。就在那天，我才強(qiáng)烈地意識到一個小說家對自己的作品是多么得無知，而讀者們對它的理解又是多么深刻。小說家永遠(yuǎn)成不了他自己的讀者，除了在修改稿件時刪掉手稿的語法錯誤、重復(fù)或者多余的贅述的時候，他對自己的書僅有一部分且模糊的印象，正如畫家在天花板上畫壁畫一樣，平躺在支架上描摹細(xì)節(jié)，距離太近，就沒有作品的整體感。
寫作是一項奇怪的、孤獨(dú)的活動。在開始寫一部長篇故事的頭幾頁總有叫人沮喪的情緒。每天你都覺得自己在一條錯的軌道上，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生一種強(qiáng)烈的沖動調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)頭去走另一條路。重要的是，不要屈從于這股念頭，要堅持下去。
當(dāng)你快寫完一本書的時候，感覺仿佛掙脫了，已經(jīng)呼吸到了自由的空氣。我敢說，你寫結(jié)尾段的時候，書會“展現(xiàn)”出一種敵意，迫切地掙脫你的枷鎖。而且當(dāng)它離你而去，也根本不留時間給你想最后的幾個詞。它結(jié)束了——這本書再也不需要你了，也已經(jīng)把你忘卻。從現(xiàn)在開始，它會從讀者那里找尋它的自我。當(dāng)這些發(fā)生的時候，你就會感到強(qiáng)大的空虛和一絲被拋棄的感覺。這也是失望的表現(xiàn)，因為你和書的親密關(guān)聯(lián)是那么短暫。這種不滿和未完成的感覺就驅(qū)動著你去寫下一本書，再恢復(fù)兩者的平衡。
所以，讀者比作者自己更了解作品。小說和讀者的關(guān)系宛如沖洗攝影膠片的過程。暗房里，影像一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)清晰起來。當(dāng)你讀小說的時候，也會產(chǎn)生類似的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。不過，要維系作者和讀者之間的和諧，重要的就是永遠(yuǎn)別讓讀者透支，不知不覺地哄哄他，給他足夠的空間讓故事一步步地感染他，正如針灸的藝術(shù)，針要插在精確的要點(diǎn)上，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)才能流通順暢。
我一直妒忌音樂家，因為他們掌握著比小說高級的藝術(shù)。詩人也是，很像音樂家和小說家。從孩提時代起我就寫詩，這就是為什么我記得以前讀過的讓我共鳴的話：“寫不成詩的人來當(dāng)散文家”。對于小說家來說，音樂常常就是凝聚所有他觀察到的人、景、街譜成曲，這對他來說可能還不完美。他會后悔沒能做一個真正的音樂家，也沒法寫出肖邦的《夜曲》。
我是一個戰(zhàn)爭的孩子
諾貝爾獎宣布后用來代表我的一個短語提到的是“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”：“他的作品捕捉到了二戰(zhàn)法國被占領(lǐng)期間普通人的生活”，和其他出生于1945年的人一樣，我是戰(zhàn)爭的孩子，更準(zhǔn)確地說，我出生在巴黎，我的生命歸功于被占領(lǐng)時期的巴黎。當(dāng)時生活在巴黎的人想盡快忘記的地方，至少只要記得日常的細(xì)節(jié)，那些展現(xiàn)了他們所幻想的與和平歲月并無差異的生活點(diǎn)滴。后來，當(dāng)他們的孩子問起當(dāng)年的歷史，他們的回答也是閃爍其詞。要不然，他們就避而不答，好像希望能把那段黑暗的時光從記憶中抹去，還有就是隱瞞一些事情，不讓孩子知道?？墒敲鎸ξ覀兏改傅某聊覀兠靼琢艘磺校路鹞覀冏约阂灿H歷過。
被占時期的巴黎是一座古怪的地方。表面上，生活“像之前一樣”繼續(xù)——戲院、電影院、音樂廳和餐館依舊營業(yè)。收音機(jī)里還放著音樂。去看戲、看電影的人還比戰(zhàn)前多，好像那些地方就是能讓人們聚在一起避難，靠近一起彼此安慰?？墒?，離奇的細(xì)枝末節(jié)都在說明巴黎已不是昨日的模樣。鮮少的汽車、寧靜的街道……都在表明這是一個寂靜之城——納粹占領(lǐng)者常說的“盲城”。
就在這樣噩夢般的巴黎，人們會在一些之前從不經(jīng)過的道路上相遇，曇花一現(xiàn)的愛情從中萌生，明天能否再見也是未知。而后，這些短暫的相遇和偶然的邂逅也有了結(jié)果——新生命降臨。這就是為何對我而言，巴黎帶著原初的黑暗。如果沒有那些，我根本不會來到這個世界。那個巴黎一直纏繞著我，我的作品也時常浸潤/沐浴在那朦朧的光中。
一個作家的出生時間和那個年是他永久的標(biāo)記。如果他寫詩，詩句就表明著他所處的時代，也永遠(yuǎn)不可能在其他的時代里寫成。葉芝的詩就是這個道理，我總是被《柯爾莊園的天鵝》所打動。葉芝在公園里看著天鵝在水中滑行：
自從我第一次數(shù)了它們
十九度秋天已經(jīng)消逝
我還來不及細(xì)數(shù)一遍，就看到
它們一下子全部飛起
大聲拍打著它們的翅膀，
現(xiàn)在它們在靜謐的水面上浮游
神秘莫測，美麗動人，
可有一天我醒來，
它們已飛去。
哦它們會筑居于哪片蘆葦叢、
哪一個池邊、哪一塊湖濱，
使人們悅目賞心?
十九世紀(jì)的詩歌里常常有天鵝——波德萊爾或馬拉美的詩里都有。但這首詩不可能是在19世紀(jì)寫的。它有著20世紀(jì)才出現(xiàn)的特定的節(jié)奏和憂郁。
20世紀(jì)的作家偶爾也會感覺被他們時代所禁錮。閱讀19世紀(jì)的偉大小說家——巴爾扎克、狄更斯、托爾斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基——或許或帶來一種特定的戀舊之情。在那些年歲，時間慢慢地流逝。那樣的節(jié)奏與小說家的作品相得益彰，因為“緩慢”讓作家的能量和精力凝聚。也是從那時開始，時間加速，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地前行。從這個角度來說，我就是過渡的一代。我好奇著下一代，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、手機(jī)、電子郵件和微博時代出生的人，他們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^文學(xué)來表達(dá)這個注定每個人都會“相連”，而且“社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)”侵蝕了一部分親密和私密的東西。直到最近，私密被賦予了更多的深度，也可能成為小說的主題。不過我對文學(xué)的未來仍抱著樂觀態(tài)度，我深信未來的作家會守護(hù)并繼承衣缽，就像荷馬以來每一代作家所做的事。
除此之外，作家總要在作品里試圖表達(dá)一些永恒的東西，閱讀托爾斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》時，盡管已經(jīng)過了一個多世紀(jì)，盡管安娜穿著1870年代的裙子，我們依然覺得她離我們很近。還有諸如愛德加·艾倫·坡、梅爾維爾、司湯達(dá)這樣的作家，他們的作品在他們離世后兩個多世紀(jì)，遠(yuǎn)比他們在世時更受歡迎。
用_光審視巴黎
那么，小說家要和生活保持怎樣的距離?他們需要與生活保持一點(diǎn)距離，因為如果一直沉浸其中反而會看不清生活本來的樣子。但是這樣的距離不會限制作者將書中人物和現(xiàn)實中的人物建立某種聯(lián)系。福樓拜說“包法利夫人就是我”;托爾斯泰一下就從一個臥軌自殺的女人身上找到了小說人物的影子。宏觀到托爾斯泰描寫天空和風(fēng)光，圍觀到他描寫安娜·卡列尼娜睫毛的忽閃，這種寫作者將生活寫入作品的天分隨處可見。這種狀態(tài)不是自戀，因為這種狀態(tài)需要同時忽視自我，并高度集中注意力，才能不錯過每一個細(xì)節(jié)。還需要保持一定程度上的孤立。也不是需要完全將注意力投入個人的寫作，而是要達(dá)到一種澄澈的境界來觀察外界，才能最終寫成一部小說。
我就不冗長地敘述我的故事了，但是我童年的一些經(jīng)歷一定也為我的作品埋下了伏筆。我長期不和父母住在一起，而是和一些我根本不了解的朋友住在一起，輾轉(zhuǎn)于不同的地方和房子里。后來，這讓我想試圖通過寫小說來解決這些迷惑，希望寫作和想象力能最終幫我把這些零散的線索都串起來。
愛德加·艾倫·坡在他的短篇小說《人群中的人》中，他坐在咖啡館中觀察那些在人行道上不斷行走的人們，喚起了對人性的關(guān)注。他選擇了一個長相怪異的老年男子，并通宵跟隨他到倫敦的不同地方，以期更好地認(rèn)識他。但是這老人是“人群中的人”，所以跟著他也毫無意義，這老人并不作為個體存在著，他只是大眾過路者中的一員，行走在擁擠的人群中，迷失了自己。
詩人托馬斯·德·昆西年輕的時候也有這么一件事，讓他終生難忘。在倫敦?fù)頂D的牛津街上，他和一個女孩成為了朋友，就像所有城市中的邂逅一樣。他陪伴了她幾天，直至他要離開倫敦。他們約定一周以后，她會每天都在每晚同一時間在大提茨菲爾街的街角見面。但是他們自此就再也沒見過彼此?！叭绻钪?，我們一定都會尋找彼此，在同一時間，找遍倫敦的所有角落;或許我們就相隔幾步，但是這不寬過倫敦街道寬的咫尺之遙卻讓我們永生沒再相見。”
隨著時間流逝，城市里的每個街區(qū)，每個街道都能引發(fā)起在這里出生或成長的人的一段回憶，一次碰面，一點(diǎn)遺憾或是一點(diǎn)幸福。一條同樣的街道串聯(lián)起一段回憶，這地方幾乎構(gòu)成了你的全部生活，故事在這里逐層展開。那些千千萬萬生活在這里的、路過的人們也都有著各自的生活和回憶。
這也是為什么在我年輕的時候，為了幫助自己寫作，我試著去找那些老巴黎的電話本，尤其是那些按照街道、門牌號排列條目的電話本。每當(dāng)我翻閱這些書頁，我都覺得自己在通過_光審視這座城，它就像一座在水下的亞特蘭蒂斯城，透過時間一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)呼吸著。這么多年過去了，千千萬不知名的人們留下的就只有他們的名字、住址和電話。有時候，過了一年，一個名字就消失了。翻閱這些老電話本，我會想，如果現(xiàn)在再撥打這些電話，大概多數(shù)都無人接聽吧。后來，我看到奧西普·曼德爾施塔姆的詩句，被深深觸動了：
我回到了我的城市。它曾是我的眼淚，
我的脈搏，我童年種疼的腮腺炎。
彼得堡……
你還有我的電話號碼。
彼得堡，我還有那些地址
可以查尋死者的聲音
所以當(dāng)我看著那些老巴黎電話本的時候，我開始想寫我的第一本書。我要做的就是在這千千萬的名字里，用鉛筆劃出某些陌生人的名字、地址和電話號碼，想象他們的生活是什么樣的。
你可以放縱自己，消失在大城市里。你也可以改變自己的身份，開始新生活。你也可以從一個孤立的地址開始長期調(diào)查一場預(yù)謀。我一直對搜尋令中的一句話非常有興趣——“最后一個為人所知的地址”。人物、事件的消失和身份、時間的流逝都和這座城市息息相關(guān)。這也是為什么19世紀(jì)以后，城市就成了小說家們的“領(lǐng)地”，很多偉大的小說家的作品都和某座城市密不可分：巴爾扎克和巴黎、狄更斯和倫敦、陀思妥耶夫斯基和圣彼得堡、永井荷風(fēng)和東京、雅爾瑪·瑟德爾貝里和斯德哥爾摩。
小說看見冰山
至于我的作品，授獎詞說“喚起了對最不可捉摸的人類命運(yùn)的記憶”，其實這樣的贊譽(yù)不單單是對我的作品，還有很多其他作家的寫作也是如此。這是一種特別的記憶，試圖從往昔捕捉一些隱匿的、未知的，幾乎在地球上沒有留下痕跡的零零碎碎。當(dāng)然，它們都與我出生的1945年有關(guān)。城市被毀，所有人都消失的情況讓我，和我這一代人，對記憶和遺忘的主題更為敏感。
不幸的是，我覺得只有普魯斯特的本領(lǐng)和坦率才能去完成對過往的追憶。他描述的社會仍舊是穩(wěn)定的，19世紀(jì)的社會。普魯斯特的回憶讓歷史在其所有的細(xì)節(jié)中重現(xiàn)。如今，我感覺到記憶遠(yuǎn)不如它本身那么確定，始終處于遺忘和被遺忘的持續(xù)的斗爭中。這一層，一大堆被遺忘的東西掩蓋了一切。也就是說，我們僅僅能拾起歷史的碎片、斷裂的痕跡、稍縱即逝的且?guī)缀鯚o法理解的人類命運(yùn)。
但這就是小說家的使命，在面對被遺忘的巨大空白，讓褪去的言語重現(xiàn)，宛如漂浮在海面上消失的冰山。
第3篇 印度總理莫迪在中國與印度經(jīng)貿(mào)論壇上英語演講稿
friends!
i am really happy to be here with you. before coming to this forum, i had very detaileddiscussion with the ceos of major chinese companies. i am sure our interactions today will leadto benefits to the people and businesses of the two countries.
along with me, a number of officials and prominent indian ceos, are also present here.
as you know, china and india are two great and old civilisations of the world. they haveprovided many lights of knowledge on the entire human society. today, we together, representmore than one third of the global population.
india and china have a common history of five thousand years and a common boundary ofover three thousand and four hundred kilometers.
two thousand years ago, at the invitation of the chinese emperor ming, two indian monkscame to china. they brought many sanskrit scriptures on two white horses. they translatedmany buddhist classics and scriptures into chinese language.
it is believed that they introduced buddhism in china. the king built a temple in honour of thisevent. the temple is popularly known as white horse temple. the temple then increased inimportance as buddhism grew within china, and spread to korea, japan and vietnam.
the serenity of buddhism in asian countries is the seed of their success. i strongly believe thatthis century belongs to asia. and buddhism will be a further unifying and catalysing forceamong the asian countries.
your famous scholars like fa hien and hiuen tsang have taught many secrets of chinesewisdom to indians. in addition, they discovered many secrets within india itself. hiuen tsanghad visited my own home town in gujarat. from his works, we know today that there was abuddhist monastery there. when hiuen tsang returned to china he brought with him sanskritscriptures and books of wisdom. the traditional systems of medicine of the two countriesbased on natural elements also have a lot in common.
in recent times too, this stream of knowledge is flowing across our borders. prof. ji _ianlin ofpeking university was a great sanskrit scholar. he spent most part of his life in translatingvalmiki’s ramayan into chinese. indian government has honoured him by bestowing aprestigious award in __.
more recently, prof. jin ding han has translated tulasi ramayan into chinese. translations ofbhagwad gita and mahabharat are also popular with the chinese people. i thank these chinesescholars for introducing indian culture to the chinese people.
friends! india has always been a knowledge society. whereas, you have been an innovatingsociety. ancient china was highly advanced in science and technology. like indians, chinesetoo sailed to americas and distant corners of the world in their ships. they had the mariners’compass and gun powder.
but i must add that during this time, indian astronomy and mathematics were quite popularin china. indian astronomers were appointed on the official boards set up to prepare calendars.
the indian concept of zero and that of nine planets have been helpful in discoveries in china.so, our ideas had a role to play in your innovations.
thus, we have a lot in common and we can do a lot together. as we helped each other growingspiritually, we have to help each other growing economically. there are instances of sucheconomic e_changes in the past. it is believed that china gave silk and paper to india. we bothhave potentials of growth and problems of poverty which we can tackle together. i ampersonally committed to take the co-operative process forward.
that is why even as chief minister of gujarat, i visited china. as prime minister too i amconvinced and committed for e_change and co-operation for socio-economic development ofthe two countries.
i have lot of hope from the relationship which i and president _i are trying to build. during hisvisit to india in september __, chinese investments worth 20 billion us dollars (rs. 12 lakh-crore) were committed. we signed 12 agreements covering industrial parks, railways, creditand leasing, with cumulative amount of investments of 13 billion us dollars.
we are very keen to develop the sectors where china is strong. we need your involvement.the scope and potential, the breadth and length of infrastructure and related developmentsis very huge in india. just to give you some e_amples:
– we have planned to build 50 million houses by 2022. in addition, we are going to developsmart cities and mega industrial corridors;
– for this purpose, we have refined our fdi policy in construction. we are also coming upwith a regulatory framework for this sector;
– we have targeted 175 giga watts of renewable energy in ne_t few years. in addition togeneration, the issues of transmission and distribution of electricity are equally important forus;
– we are modernizing our railway systems including signals, engines and railway stations. weare planning metro rail in fifty cities and high speed trains in various corridors;
– similar is the case with highways which we want to build in faster way;
– we are putting up new ports and modernizing the old ones through an ambitious plan calledsagarmala;
– similar focus is on upgrading the e_isting airports and putting up regional airports toenhance connectivity to places of economic and tourist importance;
– in financial services too, we are moving towards a more inclusive and faster delivery offinancial products including bank loans and insurance;
– for this purpose we opened 140 million bank accounts; increased fdi in insurance up to49% and have set up mudra bank to fund the micro-businesses;
– recently, i have launched innovative schemes for insurance and pension to enhancesocial security of our citizens.
in march this year, i had a discussion with jack ma of alibaba in delhi about possible co-operation for strengthening this micro-credit sector of india.
as you have successfully done, we also want to promote manufacturing in a big wayparticularly to create jobs for our youth who form 65% of our population.
hence, we want to make things in india. for this purpose, we have launched a campaign called“make in india”. it is also the effort of my government to encourage innovation, r&dand entrepreneurship in the country. in this year’s budget, we have set up some innovativeinstitutional mechanisms for that purpose.
we have to learn from you about the development of labor-intensive industries, creatingconditions for sustainable foreign direct investment, skill development, infrastructure creationand e_port-led development model.
all this is a historic opportunity for the chinese companies. you would already be knowing thedirection of my government and the steps we are taking. we have committed ourselves forcreating and improving the business environment. i can assure you that once you decide tobe in india, we are confident to make you more and more comfortable.
many chinese companies have the possibility of investing in india to take advantage of india’spotentials. the potential lies in manufacturing, processing as well as in infrastructure.
i am here to assure you that india’s economic environment has changed. our regulatoryregime is much more transparent, responsive and stable. we are taking a long-term andfuturistic view on the issues. lot of efforts have been made and are still underway to improvethe ‘ease of doing business’. we do believe that fdi is important and it will not come in thecountry without a globally competitive business environment. therefore, we have rationalizeda number of issues which were bothering the investors.
in particular,
– we are making the ta_ation system transparent, stable and predictable.
– we have removed lot of regressive ta_ation regimes. in our very first budget, we said we willnot resort to retrospective ta_ation.
– we are reducing the complicated procedures, making them available at one platform,preferably online;
– simplifying the forms and formats has been taken up on war footing.
– definite mechanisms for hand holding have been set up in the form of hub and spoke model.invest india is the nodal agency for this purpose.
– in this year’s budget, we allowed ta_ pass through for aifs, rationalization of capital gainsof reits, modification in pe norms and deferring the implementation of gaar for two years.
– we have fast tracked approvals in industry and infrastructure. this includes environmentalclearances, e_tending the industrial licences, delicencing of defence items, and simplification ofcross-border trade.
– within a very short time, we introduced gst bill in parliament.
similarly, for infrastructure development, we have taken some far reaching steps.
– first of all we have made an all-time high allocation for roads and railways sectors.
– in addition, we are setting up india infrastructure investment fund.
– we have also allowed ta_ free bonds in the infrastructure sector including roads and railways.
we know that a lot more has to be done. but we are committed to take this process forward.we are constantly working to improve the business environment further.
however, our initial measures have helped in building up an enhanced investor confidence.the sentiments for private investment and inflow of foreign investment are positive. fdi inflowshave gone up by 39% during april-__ and february-__ against the same period inprevious year;
our growth rate is above 7%. most of the international financial institutions including the worldbank, imf, oecd and others are predicting even faster growth and even better in the comingyears. moody’s have recently upgraded the rating of india as positive on account of ourconcrete steps in various economic fields.
friends! india-chinese partnership should and will flourish. i e_pect very good outcome fromthis coming together. we have complemented each other in the past. we can complement inthe present and future too. as two major economies in asia, the harmonious partnershipbetween india and china is essential for economic development and political stability of thecontinent. you are the ‘factory of the world’. whereas, we are the ‘back office of the world’. yougive thrust on production of hardware, while india focuses on software and services.
similarly, indian component manufacturers have been masters in high-quality precision andthe chinese players have mastered the art of mass production. the component designe_pertise of indian engineers and low cost mass production by china can cater to the globalmarkets in a better way. this industrial partnership of china and india can bring about greaterinvestment, employment and satisfaction of our people.
friends! let us work together in mutual interest and for progress and prosperity of our greatcountries.
i would conclude by saying that now india is ready for business. you must be sensing thewinds of change in india. i only advise to you to come and feel the same.
i assure you of my personal attention for your success.
thank you, very much.
第4篇 印度總理莫迪清華大學(xué)英語演講稿
qiu yong, president of tsinghua university,
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president _i.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in _ian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk_uanzang.
he travelled to india from _ian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to_ian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational e_change programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the ne_t frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a ta_ regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in ne_t generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
qiu yong, president of tsinghua university,
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president _i.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in _ian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk_uanzang.
he travelled to india from _ian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to_ian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational e_change programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the ne_t frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a ta_ regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in ne_t generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
in recent years, we have deepened our political engagement. we have kept our borderspeaceful. we have managed our differences and not allowed them to impede closercooperation. we have enhanced our cooperation across the full spectrum of ourrelationship.
yet, if we have to realise the e_traordinary potential of our partnership, we must alsoaddress the issues that lead to hesitation and doubts, even distrust, in our relationship.
first, we must try to settle the boundary question quickly.
we both recognise that this is history’s legacy. resolving it is our shared responsibility to thefuture. we must move ahead with new purpose and determination.
the solution we choose should do more than settle the boundary question.
it should do so in a manner that transforms our relationship and not cause new disruptions.
we have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace and tranquility along the border.
we must continue to do that on the principle of mutual and equal security.
our agreements, protocols and border mechanisms have been helpful.
but, a shadow of uncertainty always hangs over the sensitive areas of the border region.
it is because neither side knows where the line of actual control is, in these areas.
that is why i have proposed resuming the process of clarifying it. we can do this withoutprejudice to our position on the boundary question.
we should think of creative solutions to issues that have become irritants – from visa policiesto trans-border rivers.
sometimes, small steps can have a deep impact on how our people see each other.
we are both increasing our engagement in our shared neighbourhood. this calls for deeperstrategic communication to build mutual trust and confidence.
we must ensure that our relationships with other countries do not become a source of concernfor each other. and, wherever possible and feasible, we should work together, as we did inresponding to the earthquake in nepal.
if the last century was the age of alliances, this is an era of inter-dependence. so, talks ofalliances against one another have no foundation.
in any case, we are both ancient civilizations, large and independent nations. neither of us canbe contained or become part of anyone’s plans.
so, our partnership in international forums should not be determined by the concerns ofothers, but the interests of our two countries.
china’s support for india’s permanent membership of a reformed un security council, andfor india’s membership of e_port control regimes like nuclear suppliers group will do morethan just strengthen our international cooperation.
it will take our relationship to a new level.
it will give asia a stronger voice in the world.
if we are able to deepen mutual trust and confidence, we will also be able to reinforce eachother’s efforts of connecting asia with itself and rest of the world.
our soldiers face each other on the border, but we should also deepen our defence andsecurity cooperation to address our many common challenges.
above all, as we look ahead, we must build more bridges of familiarity and comfort betweenour people.
about 33% of the world’s population is either indian or chinese. yet, our people know verylittle of each other.
we must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown insearch of knowledge, and enriched us both.
so, we have decided to e_tend electronic tourist visas to chinese nationals. we are celebratingthe “year of india” in china in 2022. we are launching the ‘provincial and state leaders forum’today.
later today, we will have the yoga-taichi event. it will represent the coming together of our twocivilizations.
we are starting the gandhi and india study centre in fudan university and a college of yoga inkunming.
the second route to kailash mansarovar for indian pilgrims will start in june, for which i wantto thank president _i.
these are just some of the many steps india and china are taking to bring the world’s twolargest populations in closer contact.
for this reason, i chose to speak today at a university.
because it is the youth that will inherit the future of our countries and the responsibility for ourrelationship.
president _i has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of china and india andthe new type of relationship between major countries.
not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.
we are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.
india and china are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.
we each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.
but, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our futurebrighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.
thank you very much and thanks for your invitation, thanks a lot.
